The digital divide...by April

For those of you who aren't very familiar with the term "digital divide" like I wasn't, it is defined by dictionary.com as " the socioeconomic and other disparities between people who have opportunities and skills enabling them to benefit from digital resources, especially the Internet, and those who do not have these opportunities or skills." This divide can be created by various factors such age, location, income, skills, language and even a combination of these things. When this divide exists, many people are dependent on the community or local libraries to bridge the gap. The following is a very simplified illustration of this that I found online:

http://ci-journal.net/index.php/ciej/article/view/293/318

Libraries play a large role in helping to bridge this gap simply by providing computers with free internet access. Library computers are often used for homework, medical or healthcare research, employment searches, or simply to stay connected to family and friends from around the world,  For those without the skills or confidence to use a computer, many libraries also offer computer training classes to educate and empower the users. This is very important for seniors who may have never used a computer before or job seekers who need to enhance their skills.

According to the 2011 census, about 25% of Americans do not have a computer in their homes, and 30% do not have access to the internet (see link for more information). 

http://www.census.gov/prod/2013pubs/p20-569.pdf

With such staggering numbers, libraries obviously face struggles. Often budget constraints don't allow them to get enough computers to satisfy the community's needs, causing users to wait in line for a computer. Language barriers can also be an issue and may require library staff who are bilingual. Sometimes, the library hours just aren't long enough to accommodate everyone's needs.

And the digital divide is not just an American issue, it's a global issue. According to http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm about 34% of the world population do not use the internet.

If libraries can keep pace with technology and are successful in getting the needed budget, they can continue to help bridge this gap for those who are willing to learn.

Libraries in the Digital Age by Cattleya

Picture from: http://www.teleread.com/ebooks/on-e-books-the-personal-library-and-the-value-of-space

Libraries have undergone changes through the ages as to their purpose, quantity, and type of materials they hold. They were the pride and secret of some empires during the ancient period. To the present time, they have endured as useful repositories of historical writings and information materials for teachers, learners, and their community of users. Libraries used to keep ancient writings on stones, clay tablets, leaves, scrolls, papyrus, and parchment, etc. Later, they were replaced by paper, books, tapes, CDs, DVDs, and recently also by digital means.

Library in the digital age is a revolutionary transformation in many aspects. Searching of information by users may no longer necessitate being physically present in the library. They can have remote access to the library databases through their home computers or elsewhere. Search engines such as “Google” can provide lots of useful information online. Routine and labor-intensive jobs of library staffs can be performed efficiently by robots. Digitization of library materials has helped reduced the need for more space to shelve books, etc. Library staffs are faced with the challenges of being skillful with computers and adapting to rapid changes on the nature of their functions and activities. There is also the threat of reduced need for staff especially when robot librarians are deployed. Library users demand more costly digital materials but there is less financial support.

What then are some of the implications of the previously mentioned library phenomena? Are there less people going to the libraries nowadays? A PEW Research survey on public libraries in America done in September 2013 showed that “technology users are generally library users” (Zickuhr). They do not stay away from libraries as many people would think. ”Patrons embrace new technologies – and would welcome more. But many still want printed books to hold their central place…. A number of library patrons also want to expand the use of online research services provided by librarians, app-based access to library materials and programs, access to technology ‘petting zoos’ to try out new devices, GPS-navigation apps to locate material inside the library buildings, redbox style lending machines or kiosks located throughout the community instead of going to the library itself to check out books and other materials, and ‘Amazon-style’ customized books/audio/video recommendation schemes that are based on patron’s prior library behavior” (Zickuhr, Rainie, and Purcell).

I would say librarians in the digital age need to keep analyzing the changing needs of the community it serves as well as the real benefits of the fast and ever growing technologies applied in the libraries. This may mean shifting budget allocation priorities in providing services. The library aside from giving information also has important roles in fostering life-long learning and enhancement of American culture. By applying suitable technologies, these roles can be maximized to the fullest extent. The point is to respond accordingly, to be creative, and be relevant.

Below is a link to You Tube video “eBooks: OverDrive Digital Library Basics”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NHqDWPgdM1M


References:

"EBooks: OverDrive Digital Library Basics." YouTube. YouTube, 13 June 2012. Web. 17 Apr. 2014. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NHqDWPgdM1M>.

"On E-Books, the Personal Library and the Value of Space." TeleRead. Gadgetell LLC & North American Publishing Company (NAPCO), 20 Aug. 2012. Web. 16 Apr. 2014. <http://www.teleread.com/ebooks/on-e-books-the-personal-library-and-the-value-of-space>.

Zickuhr, Kathryn, Lee Rainie, and Kristen Purcell. "Library Services in the Digital Age." Pew Internet Libraries RSS. Pew Internet & American Life Project, 22 Jan. 2013. Web. 16 Apr. 2014. <http://libraries.pewinternet.org/2013/01/22/library-services/>.

Zickuhr, Kathryn. "Libraries in the Digital Age." Pew Internet Libraries RSS. Pew Internet & American Life Project, 18 Mar. 2014. Web. 16 Apr. 2014. <http://libraries.pewinternet.org/category/libraries-in-the-digital-age/>. 

The Digital Divide by Cattleya

Picture from: https://wiki.uiowa.edu/display/edtech/Bridging+the+Digital+Divide+in+Education

To me, the phrase “digital divide ” means the separation of people who have and do not have abilities and access to information by electronic technology. There are many aspects to the split such as literacy among people is very basic before they can advance to computer literacy; the affordability and ownership of digital devices, the provision of internet and broadband connections in any geographic location, age, gender, occupation, physical and mental status of the population.

Needless to say, in a poverty-stricken group, survival is a priority need. Education comes after survival needs are met. In many countries even in industrialized nations, there are varying gaps between the poor and homeless people and also the affluent and very affluent ones for reasons beyond the scope of this discussion. There are countries that are more advanced technologically than others. The costs of digital devices also can be significantly wide and prohibitive in some countries. I have heard of the terms "born digital "and "digital immigrants". I would consider myself born digital compared to my mom who is a digital immigrant. I grew up in schools where computer was used as part the daily lessons. My mom had to start from scratch learning how to use the computer in her 50s. My grandpa does not care a bit about computer or even cell phone. He gets confused just by looking at them.

Where does the library come in this problem of digital divide? The library patrons are a mixture of the "have" and "have not". Many students go to the library to do their homework and research because they don't have access to a computer at home. The physically handicapped and disabled groups also go the library. Some may have physical disabilities but are mentally fit to learn new knowledge and skills. Libraries provide them with assistive/adaptive devices and technologies. The under served and homeless veterans need employment but without access to computer. Parents, guardians, and some retired seniors may want to have computer training while looking after their children in the library. These are some instances I think where a library can help bridge the digital divide in the community it serves.

Why is it important to bridge the digital divide among the people in the community? It is needless to say that access to digital information worldwide can help improve the lives of people. Students can progress in learning as they can fulfill school requirements. It may help change the lives of poor and homeless people if they are able to find jobs. It can empower the parents, guardians, and retired seniors as they can connect with neighbors, distant, and even overseas families and friends and find new ways of entertainment. Finally, by providing equal and free access to computer and internet, the library is accomplishing its mission of service to the larger community.

A link to a Youtube video illustrating digital divide:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1akcDMfexDE

Bride the Digital Divide

References: 

"Bridge the Digital Divide." YouTube. YouTube, 08 Sept. 2011. Web. 16 Apr. 2014. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1akcDMfexDE>.

Marsch, Jennifer K. "UIowa Wiki." Web log post. Bridging the Digital Divide in Education. Education Technology Center, 27 Apr. 2011. Web. 17 Apr. 2014. <https://wiki.uiowa.edu/display/edtech/Bridging+the+Digital+Divide+in+Education>. 

Libraries as Social Hubs by Cattleya

Picture from: http://college.uchicago.edu/story/college-cup-ex-libris

As public financing becomes less available, the libraries cannot escape being a target of scrutiny. Questions pop-up such as do we still need libraries nowadays? It has been thought that in this age of digital libraries, there is less need to go to the libraries for printed books and materials. Library databases can be accessed through computers outside the libraries. Information needs can be satisfied by going online elsewhere.

But to think of libraries as simply repositories of information materials is such a narrow view and does not do justice to the libraries. PEW Research surveys revealed that young children still go to the libraries to borrow print books, do homework, and to practice reading with librarians, volunteers, their parents or guardians. Book mobiles are provided to socio-economically and physically disadvantaged people. They also can have free access to the computers and the internet. Libraries have health, culture, arts and entertainment programs for people of all ages and abilities. Besides, vital public services such as free assistance in filling out tax, job application forms and U.S. naturalization papers as well as information on compliance with recent insurance laws are provided by the public libraries. Online research services are provided by librarians who select and guide patrons to credible sources of information.

With all the said services extended by the libraries, it is therefore safe to say that libraries are social hubs. Even if not everybody in the community visit  the library, many children grow up utilizing the library's help especially those who come from poor families. The library responds to the need for information resources, services, and technologies of poor and homeless people to give them the opportunity to change their lives. Also, interested and able seniors can learn and practice using the computer. Besides, artists can display and share their talents with others. As people congregate in the library for various activities, the sense of community may grow and develop.

The libraries as social hubs is an inevitable consequence because of the services the library provides. The offerings and programs of the libraries contribute to social gathering, interaction and enrichment of the American culture of unity in diversity. They promote life-long informal learning which enhances a human being. The libraries can have a central role in promoting the sense of community among library patrons.

A Youtube video to an impressive library and community center combined; a reality not just a possibility,

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EyCqDOXF8JQ  

Spanish River Library and Community Center.mov

References:

"The College." By the Cup: Ex Libris. The University of Chicago, n.d. Web. 17 Apr. 2014. <http://college.uchicago.edu/story/college-cup-ex-libris>.

"Spanish River Library and Community Center.mov." YouTube. YouTube, 20 July 2012. Web. 17 Apr. 2014. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EyCqDOXF8JQ>.

Zickuhr, Kathryn, Lee Rainie, and Kristen Purcell. "Library Services in the Digital Age." Pew Internet Libraries RSS. Pew Internet & American Life Project, 22 Jan. 2013. Web. 16 Apr. 2014. <http://libraries.pewinternet.org/2013/01/22/library-services/>. 

The Demise of School Libraries by Cattleya

Picture from: http://dulemba.blogspot.com/2010/06/coloring-page-tuesday-save-library.html

There have been talks about the demise of school libraries in the near future. Could this be due to the digitization of books and technological invasion of the library? The reality of a bookless/digital library is already existing at Bexar County in San Antonio, Texas. Although the library has served as a repository of books and written documents since ancient times, it has evolved into more than that whether it's a school or public library. Students still go to the library to read materials in print. They express their creativity through library art projects and programs and experience enrichment of culture. It's a place where poor students can have free access to computer and internet when doing their homework and research. It's also a student center.

The demise of libraries is not just a rumor. It has actually happened in London. "Since April 2011, 423 libraries have either closed down or been slated for closure--that's almost 10 per cent of all libraries in Britain” (Shamsie).This has taken place despite people protests. It’s the consequence of slash in funding. Is this going to happen also in America or has it happened already?

Despite the digital age and most library functions are taken over by technology, I believe that the school library should stay because it supports student formal and informal learning. A research in 2013 reported that libraries have a positive impact on student achievement. But will the school library stay in spite of budget cuts? My prediction is probably that some school libraries may close then reopen, undergo transformation, be renamed as virtual library or be combined with the IT department.

Examples of Youtube videos that show how closing of the library would impact the people:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UHywYgqGypY 
David Cameron closed my library

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=81_rmOTjobk  
Man Cries Over Library Closing in Philadelphia

References:


"David Cameron Closed My Library." YouTube. YouTube, 11 Feb.      
            2014. Web. 16 Apr. 2014. 
            <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UHywYgqGypY>.

Dulemba, Elizabeth O. "Dulemba: Coloring Page Tuesday! - Save the Library." Web log post. Dulemba: Coloring Page Tuesday! - Save the Library. N.p., 01 June 2010. Web. 16 Apr. 2014. <http://dulemba.blogspot.com/2010/06/coloring-page-tuesday-save-library.html>.

"Man Cries Over Library Closing in Philadelphia." YouTube. YouTube, 22 Nov. 2008. Web. 16 Apr. 2014. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=81_rmOTjobk>.

Shamsie, Kamila. "The Demise of the Public Library." Latitude The Demise of the Public Library Comments. The New York Times, 05 Jan. 2012. Web. 16 Apr. 2014. <http://latitude.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/01/05/the-demise-of-the-public-library/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=0>. 

Libraries as social hubs...by April

It wasn't until recently that I began seeing the library as a way to socialize. Sure, I spent hours with my friends at the local public library when I was young, but it was always under the guise of working on a paper. We didn't ‘hang out’ at the library outside of those times. I've always been aware that libraries have a multitude of children’s programs, but I never really knew about the adult ones until I was doing research for my Library Tech classes. Did you know that some libraries offer yoga, cooking lessons, and concerts?!?! I was floored when I found this out. What a great way to get out and meet new people with similar interests and also on a limited budget!

In addition to this, having web access does a large part in making libraries a social hub. People use the computers to access email and social networking sites, stay connected to friends, do business, find jobs, and the list goes on and on. I found a great report from the Pew Internet & American Life Project that discusses the library's strengths, guiding principles, innovation ideas, and also about the things that need to change (http://libraries.pewinternet.org/2013/01/22/part-5-the-present-and-future-of-libraries/).

The information comes from a list of questions that they asked an online panel of library staff members. One of the comments really caught my attention: "We’re placing too much emphasis on being a place to ‘hang out’ rather than meeting the needs of our patrons. Our administration turns a deaf ear to our pleas for the materials and education our patrons ask us for (more books, classes, etc.) and instead are fixated on e-books and coffee machines." I think this demonstrates the struggle that libraries go through to stay relevant in today's society and remain a social hub. I think that it's important to make the library a place that people DO want to hang out in but without losing sight of the overall mission. Sometimes this can be a fine line, and some libraries obviously struggle with it more than others.

Another comment that stood out to me was this: “Libraries should be the social hub of the community and to do that the customers have to be able to use cell phones in the library, congregate around computers, sit and visit, laugh out loud and be noisy. The main part of the library should be devoted to this and quiet spaces should not be in any open areas, but should be in smaller cubicles.” I agree with most of this statement as well. To really have a social environment, people need to be able to interact in normal ways and not just in a whisper. I think implementation of this type of idea would be specific to each library though. For example, if your users are mostly students who need a quiet space to study, than this would be the focus of the main areas. The opposite would be true if your library users tend to interact a lot. In the end, it depends on the overall needs of the community.

The demise of school libraries...by April

I personally didn't have the same experiences with school libraries as most public school children do nowadays. From kindergarten to eighth grade, I went to the small private school that was part of my church. There were about 40 students in the entire school with five in my graduating class in eighth grade. I then spent my high school years at a parochial school were the average enrollment was about 90 students each year. I graduated from there with a total of nine students in my graduating class. As you can imagine, neither school had an impressive library. Oh, we had books of course….encyclopedias, dictionaries, some fiction that we could use for book reports. But for the most part, all reports or term papers were written with the help of the public library.  My dad would drop us off on Saturday morning and pick us up hours later.

So when I see a headline that talks about the demise school libraries, my first reaction is that it wouldn't be so bad. The kids would just use the public library like I did...I turned out fine. Of course, there are other things to consider that I often forget. School libraries and librarians play a role in the education and development of the students. In 2012, the New Jersey Association of School Librarians (NJASL) released findings of a three-year study on the value that a quality school library brings to education in New Jersey (http://www.nj.com/cumberland/index.ssf/2012/02/three-year_study_asserts_benef.html). The study was performed by the Center for International Scholarship in School Libraries (CISSL) at Rutgers University.

To summarize, the study showed that a quality school library can do the following:

• Improve student test scores.
• Develop positive and ethical values in relation to the use of information and technology.
• Increase interest in reading, and develop wider reader interests.
• Teach students to locate, evaluate, and create knowledge from information found in various formats.

These benefits are especially true when the librarians take an active role in the school and with instructing the students. This study is just one of many that come to the same results and conclusions.

While a public library can still help students in many of the ways listed above, school libraries have additional advantages such as accessibility, safety, and familiarity to the students. Overall, I believe our schools and the students would be negatively affected by the demise of school libraries.

Libraries in the digital age...by April

Libraries have come a long way in trying to remain current and relevant in the digital age. This is usually talked about in terms of how people read and access information, the number of computers in a library, access to e-readers, formats that material is available in, etc. However, these are not the only areas in which libraries are making improvements. They are also partnering with other companies/vendors to make it easier for the users to find, access, and manage their library information.

https://www.libraryelf.com/Default.aspx

For example, I recently created a presentation for school on the Library Elf. It’s a third-party online service that helps you keep track of all your library books. You can link up multiple library cards or even other family members to the same Elf account so that you can see all due dates and holds in one location. You can even set up email or text message alerts before your books are overdue.
 

SDPL To Go

I also just heard about the “SDPL To Go” app (http://sandiego.boopsie.com/) that’s now available on most phones or tablets. It’s a mobile app that lets the user search the San Diego Public Library’s catalog from anywhere.

I think these are both great examples of ways that libraries are using technology to their advantage in creating a better overall experience for the library user.